RT_Thread IoT_Board笔记2：LED闪烁例程

RT_Thread IoT_Board笔记2：LED闪烁例程_通用GPIO设备

电子禅石 | 2018-12-27 10:09:14 阅读：21882

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参考内容：通用GPIO设备应用笔记

https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/rtthread-application-note/driver/gpio/an0002-rtthread-driver-gpio/

问题：#define LED_PIN PIN_LED_R io口是如何一一对应起来的。

在drv_gpio.c文件中列出了100个引脚的对应关系还有中断的相关关系。

static const struct pin_index pins[] =

{

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT,

__STM32_PIN(1, E, 2), // PE2: SAI1_MCLK_A --> ES8388

__STM32_PIN(2, E, 3), // PE3: SAI1_SD_B --> ES8388

__STM32_PIN(3, E, 4), // PE4: SAI1_FS_A --> ES8388

__STM32_PIN(4, E, 5), // PE5: SAI1_SCK_A --> ES8388

__STM32_PIN(5, E, 6), // PE6: SAI1_SD_A --> ES8388

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VBAT

__STM32_PIN(7, C, 13), //PC13: SD_CS --> SD_CARD

__STM32_PIN(8, C, 14), //PC14: OSC32_IN

__STM32_PIN(9, C, 15), //PC15: OSC32_OUT

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VSS

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VDD

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // PH0: OSC_IN

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // PH1: OSC_OUT

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : RESET

__STM32_PIN(15, C, 0), // PC0: I2C_SCL --> ES8388

__STM32_PIN(16, C, 1), // PC1: I2C_SDA --> ES8388

__STM32_PIN(17, C, 2), // PC2: GBC_LED --> ATK MODULE

__STM32_PIN(18, C, 3), // PC3: GBC_KEY --> ATK MODULE

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VSSA

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VREF-

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VREF+

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VDDA

__STM32_PIN(23, A, 0), // PA0: MOTOR_A --> MOTOR

__STM32_PIN(24, A, 1), // PA1: MOTOR_B --> MOTOR

__STM32_PIN(25, A, 2), // PA2: UART2_TX --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(26, A, 3), // PA3: UART2_RX --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VSS

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VDD

__STM32_PIN(29, A, 4), // PA4: ADC12_IN9 --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(30, A, 5), // PA5: SPI1_SCK --> SD_CARD

__STM32_PIN(31, A, 6), // PA6: SPI1_MISO --> SD_CARD

__STM32_PIN(32, A, 7), // PA7: SPI1_MOSI --> SD_CARD

__STM32_PIN(33, C, 4), // PC4: GBC_RX --> ATK MODULE

__STM32_PIN(34, C, 5), // PC5: WIFI_INT --> WIFI

__STM32_PIN(35, B, 0), // PB0: EMISSION --> INFRARED EMISSION

__STM32_PIN(36, B, 1), // PB1: RECEPTION --> INFRARED EMISSION

__STM32_PIN(37, B, 2), // PB2: BEEP --> BEEP

__STM32_PIN(38, E, 7), // PE7: LED_R --> LED

__STM32_PIN(39, E, 8), // PE8: LED_G --> LED

__STM32_PIN(40, E, 9), // PE9: LED_B --> LED

__STM32_PIN(41, E, 10), //PE10: QSPI_BK1_CLK --> SPI_FLASH

__STM32_PIN(42, E, 11), //PE11: QSPI_BK1_NCS --> SPI_FLASH

__STM32_PIN(43, E, 12), //PE12: QSPI_BK1_IO0 --> SPI_FLASH

__STM32_PIN(44, E, 13), //PE13: QSPI_BK1_IO1 --> SPI_FLASH

__STM32_PIN(45, E, 14), //PE14: QSPI_BK1_IO2 --> SPI_FLASH

__STM32_PIN(46, E, 15), //PE15: QSPI_BK1_IO3 --> SPI_FLASH

__STM32_PIN(47, B, 10), //PB10: AP_INT --> ALS&PS SENSOR

__STM32_PIN(48, B, 11), //PB11: ICM_INT --> AXIS SENSOR

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VSS

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VDD

__STM32_PIN(51, B, 12), //PB12: SPI2_CS --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(52, B, 13), //PB13: SPI2_SCK --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(53, B, 14), //PB14: SPI2_MISO --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(54, B, 15), //PB15: SPI2_MOSI --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(55, D, 8), // PD8: KEY0 --> KEY

__STM32_PIN(56, D, 9), // PD9: KEY1 --> KEY

__STM32_PIN(57, D, 10), //PD10: KEY2 --> KEY

__STM32_PIN(58, D, 11), //PD11: WK_UP --> KEY

__STM32_PIN(59, D, 12), //PD12: IO_PD12 --> EXTERNAL MODULEL

__STM32_PIN(60, D, 13), //PD13: IO_PD13 --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(61, D, 14), //PD14: IO_PD14 --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(62, D, 15), //PD15: IO_PD15 --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(63, C, 6), // PC6: TIM3_CH1 --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(64, C, 7), // PC7: TIM3_CH2 --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(65, C, 8), // PC8: SDIO_D0 --> WIFI

__STM32_PIN(66, C, 9), // PC9: SDIO_D1 --> WIFI

__STM32_PIN(67, A, 8), // PA8: IO_PA8 --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(68, A, 9), // PA9: UART1_TX --> STLINK_RX

__STM32_PIN(69, A, 10), //PA10: UART1_RX --> STLINK_RX

__STM32_PIN(70,A, 11), // PA11: USB_D- --> USB OTG && EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(71, A, 12), //PA12: USB_D+ --> USB OTG && EXTERNALMODULE

__STM32_PIN(72, A, 13), //PA13: T_JTMS --> STLINK

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VDDUSB

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VSS

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VDD

__STM32_PIN(76, A, 14), //PA14: T_JTCK --> STLINK

__STM32_PIN(77, A, 15), //PA15: AUDIO_PWR --> AUDIO && POWER

__STM32_PIN(78, C, 10), //PC10: SDIO_D2 --> WIFI

__STM32_PIN(79, C, 11), //PC11: SDIO_D3 --> WIFI

__STM32_PIN(80, C, 12), //PC12: SDIO_CLK --> WIFI

__STM32_PIN(81, D, 0), //

__STM32_PIN(82, D, 1), // PD1: WIFI_REG_ON --> WIFI

__STM32_PIN(83, D, 2), // PD2: SDIO_CMD --> WIFI

__STM32_PIN(84, D, 3), // PD3: IO_PD3 --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(85, D, 4), // PD4: NRF_IRQ --> WIRELESS

__STM32_PIN(86, D, 5), // PD5: NRF_CE --> WIRELESS

__STM32_PIN(87, D, 6), // PD6: NRF_CS --> WIRELESS

__STM32_PIN(88, D, 7), // PD7: LCD_CS --> LCD

__STM32_PIN(89, B, 3), // PB3: LCD_SPI_SCK --> LCD

__STM32_PIN(90, B, 4), // PB4: LCD_WR --> LCD

__STM32_PIN(91, B, 5), // PB5: LCD_SPI_SDA --> LCD

__STM32_PIN(92, B, 6), // PB6: LCD_RESET --> LCD

__STM32_PIN(93, B, 7), // PB7: LCD_PWR --> LCD

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : BOOT0

__STM32_PIN(95, B, 8), // PB8: I2C1_SCL --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(96, B, 9), // PB9: I2C1_SDA --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(97, E, 0), // PE0: IO_PE0 --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN(98, E, 1), // PE1: IO_PE1 --> EXTERNAL MODULE

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VSS

__STM32_PIN_DEFAULT, // : VDD

};

注册初始化

int rt_hw_pin_init(void)

{

return rt_device_pin_register("pin", &_stm32_pin_ops,RT_NULL);

}

const static struct rt_pin_ops_stm32_pin_ops =

{

stm32_pin_mode,

stm32_pin_write,

stm32_pin_read,

stm32_pin_attach_irq,

stm32_pin_dettach_irq,

stm32_pin_irq_enable,

};

IO设备管理框架与通用GPIO设备的联系

RT-Thread 提供了一套简单的I/O 设备管理框架，它把 I/O 设备分成了三层进行处理：应用层、I/O 设备管理层、硬件驱动层。应用程序通过 RT-Thread 的设备操作接口获得正确的设备驱动，然后通过这个设备驱动与底层 I/O 硬件设备进行数据（或控制）交互。RT-Thread 提供给上层应用的是一个抽象的设备操作接口，给下层设备提供的是底层驱动框架。对于通用 GPIO 设备，应用程序既可以通过设备操作接口访问，又可以直接通过通用 GPIO 设备驱动来访问。一般来说，我们都是使用第二种方式。那么如何在 RT-Thread 中使用通用 GPIO 设备驱动从而操作 GPIO 呢？

RT-Thread 自动初始化功能依次调用 rt_hw_pin_init ===> rt_device_pin_register ===>rt_device_register 完成了 GPIO 硬件初始化。rt_device_register 注册设备类型为RT_Device_Class_Miscellaneous，即杂类设备，从而我们就可以使用统一的 API 操作 GPIO。

程序运行流程怎么一步一步开始的？

在rtconfig.h中配置使用PIN设备。

/* Kernel Device Object */

#define RT_USING_DEVICE

#define RT_USING_CONSOLE

#define RT_CONSOLEBUF_SIZE 256

#define RT_CONSOLE_DEVICE_NAME"uart1"

/* RT-Thread Components */

#define RT_USING_COMPONENTS_INIT

#define RT_USING_USER_MAIN 启动方式之一

#define RT_MAIN_THREAD_STACK_SIZE 2048

#define RT_MAIN_THREAD_PRIORITY 10

/* Device Drivers */

#define RT_USING_DEVICE_IPC

#define RT_PIPE_BUFSZ 512

#define RT_USING_SERIAL

#define RT_USING_PIN

都在components.c中，

从startup_stm32l475xx.s 启动文件中开始。

; Reset handler

Reset_Handler PROC

EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK]

IMPORT SystemInit //系统初始化，时钟相关等

IMPORT __main

LDR R0, =SystemInit

BLX R0

LDR R0, =__main

BX R0

ENDP

; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loopswhich can be modified)

由于rtconfig.h配置宏RT_USING_USER_MAIN，表明通过组件的方式跳到main函数，不过此时过程是，先重新定义main函数int $Sub$$main(void)，代码先跳到int$Sub$$main(void)执行，
调用rt_application_init();创建main线程，在main线程中调用main函数

详见：components.c中：

#if defined(__CC_ARM) ||defined(__CLANG_ARM)

extern int $Super$$main(void);

/* re-define main function */

int $Sub$$main(void)

{

rt_hw_interrupt_disable();

rtthread_startup();//启动rtos.

return 0;

}

int rtthread_startup(void)

{

rt_hw_interrupt_disable();

/* board level initialization

* NOTE: please initialize heap inside board initialization.

rt_hw_board_init();//这里会进行rt_hw_pin_init()stm32_hw_usart_init();注册IO 串口设备

/* show RT-Thread version */

rt_show_version();

/* timer system initialization */

rt_system_timer_init();

/* scheduler system initialization */

rt_system_scheduler_init();

#ifdef RT_USING_SIGNALS

/* signal system initialization */

rt_system_signal_init();

#endif

/* create init_thread */

rt_application_init();//在这里创建main.c 的入口函数。

/* timer thread initialization */

rt_system_timer_thread_init();

/* idle thread initialization */

rt_thread_idle_init();

#ifdef RT_USING_SMP

rt_hw_spin_lock(&_cpus_lock);

#endif /*RT_USING_SMP*/

/* start scheduler */

rt_system_scheduler_start();

/* never reach here */

return 0;

}

void rt_application_init(void)

{

rt_thread_t tid;

#ifdef RT_USING_HEAP

tid = rt_thread_create("main", main_thread_entry, RT_NULL,

RT_MAIN_THREAD_STACK_SIZE, RT_MAIN_THREAD_PRIORITY, 20);

RT_ASSERT(tid != RT_NULL);

#else

rt_err_t result;

tid = &main_thread;

result = rt_thread_init(tid, "main", main_thread_entry,RT_NULL,

main_stack,sizeof(main_stack), RT_MAIN_THREAD_PRIORITY, 20);

RT_ASSERT(result == RT_EOK);

/* if not define RT_USING_HEAP, using to eliminate the warning */

(void)result;

#endif

rt_thread_startup(tid);//启动这个线程。

}

/* the system main thread */

void main_thread_entry(void *parameter)

{

extern int main(void);

extern int $Super$$main(void);

/* RT-Thread components initialization */

rt_components_init();//组件初始化，这个例程暂时没用到。

#ifdef RT_USING_SMP

rt_hw_secondary_cpu_up();

#endif

/* invoke system main function */

#if defined(__CC_ARM) ||defined(__CLANG_ARM)

$Super$$main(); /* for ARMCC. */转到main.c中

#elif defined(__ICCARM__) ||defined(__GNUC__)

main();

#endif

}

由于定义#define RT_USING_COMPONENTS_INIT

*Components Initialization will initialize some driver and components asfollowing

*order:

*rti_start --> 0

*BOARD_EXPORT --> 1

*rti_board_end --> 1.end

*DEVICE_EXPORT --> 2

*COMPONENT_EXPORT --> 3

*FS_EXPORT --> 4

*ENV_EXPORT --> 5

*APP_EXPORT --> 6

*rti_end --> 6.end

*These automatically initialization, the driver or component initial functionmust

* bedefined with:

*INIT_BOARD_EXPORT(fn);

* INIT_DEVICE_EXPORT(fn);

*...

*INIT_APP_EXPORT(fn);

*etc.

int main(void)

{

unsigned int count = 1;

/* set LED pin mode to output */

rt_pin_mode(LED_PIN, PIN_MODE_OUTPUT);

while (count > 0)

{

/* led on */

rt_pin_write(LED_PIN, PIN_LOW);

rt_kprintf("led on, count: %d\n", count);

rt_thread_mdelay(500);

/* led off */

rt_pin_write(LED_PIN, PIN_HIGH);

rt_kprintf("led off\n");

rt_thread_mdelay(500);

count++;

}

return 0;

}

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